L-threonine

Three steps

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CROTperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, FTCDcytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GLO1, GLOD4cytosolOne of 3 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, CARNS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate
  3. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ETNPPL, ALPL, PHOSPHO1

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CDP-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. phosphoethanolamine + H2O = acetaldehyde + NH4(+) + phosphate
  3. phosphoethanolamine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-ethanolamine + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ETNPPL, PCYT2One of 2 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, OATcytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, SLC7A13, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• porphobilinogenReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5-aminolevulinate and cyclizing

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, NAGSperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by SHMT1, PIPOX, DMGDH

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 36 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes