L-lysine

Three steps

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 43 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, SLC3A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GNMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TPH1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 29 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by GGACT, DHPScytosol

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of histidine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SAT1, SAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• nitriteReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. 4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, NOS3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, SLC3A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, EPXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC43A1, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, ARG1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SDS and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, KYAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, DAOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, peroxisome

• creatineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, GATM and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, NAT8Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• anilineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, NAT2, NAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, OAT, ALDH4A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ODC1, SRMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, ALAS1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• nitrateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, NOS3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, AARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes