pyruvate

Three steps

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a neolactoside IV(3)-alpha-NeuAc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL6cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU, AADATmitochondrial matrix

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an S-substituted L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, ETHE1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• thiamine triphosphateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  2. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]
  3. ATP:thiamine-diphosphate phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2, DLAT and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATL2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DDAH1mitochondrial matrix

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, PPCSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, PNPOmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU, SLC7A11mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acyl-L-amino acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate

  Catalysed by FAHD1, ACY1, PM20D1

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14, SLC6A12mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPOmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, STSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, CDO1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC4A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+) = ubiquinol-10 + thiosulfate

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SQORmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, ACAD10mitochondrial matrix

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. phosphoglucomutase (N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by NPL, CMAS, ST6GALNAC2, ST3GAL5cytosol, nucleus

• D-ribulose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)
  3. L-xylulose 1-phosphate glycolaldehyde-lyase (glycerone-phosphate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, ALDOA, ALDOB, ALDOCcytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:730073Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12, MPOmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes