nicotinate

Three steps

• acetateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CP, PRDX6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CES2, CES1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, BCHEinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. beta-D-ribosylnicotinate + ATP = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + H(+)
  3. Nicotinate D-ribonucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAPRT, NMRK2, NMRK1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide
  2. NAADP(+) + D-glucose 6-phosphate = NAADPH + 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+)
  3. D-glucose-6-phosphate:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CD38, G6PD, H6PDendoplasmic reticulum

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a thioesterReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, PNKDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide
  2. purine nucleoside phosphorylase (nicotinamide)
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by CD38, PNP, NQO2cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, FAHD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• XMPReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, HPRT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GLO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dihydroxyacetone phosphateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, GPD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ESDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• ADP-D-riboseReach from here →
  1. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide
  2. alpha-NAD(+) + H2O = ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide + H(+)
  3. H2O[n] + alpha-NAD(+)[n] = ADP-ribose[n] + H+[n] + nicotinamide[n]

  Catalysed by CD38, MACROD2, ADPRH, MACROD1 and 2 morenucleusOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3, GSTM4 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• IMPReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, HPRT1

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 22 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CHAC2, CHAC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, PPATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ETHE1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acyl-L-amino acidReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  3. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ACY1, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, PGPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-glucose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide
  2. NAADPH + O2 + H(+) = NAADP(+) + H2O2
  3. NAADP(+) + D-glucose 6-phosphate = NAADPH + 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+)

  Catalysed by CD38, DUOX2, DUOX1, G6PDOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GGT3P, GGT1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, DHODH, PRODH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane