L-aspartate

Three steps

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, GSTO1, GSTO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by GOT2, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CHAT, BCHEmitochondrial matrix, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by ASNS, ALAS1, ALAS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A5, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASNS, BAATcytosol, extracellular space

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GOT2, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
  3. Formation of 3-Hydroxy-Isovalerate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by ASNS, BAATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASNS, GCATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by CAD, G6PC2cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, LDHDmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CDKAL1, CH25Hinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, PAH, PCBD1, PCBD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, RIDAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by NAT8L, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• spermineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2, SMSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by GOT2, FAHD1, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-methyl-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. L-valine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-valine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-Valine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, AADAT, ADI1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Li(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Li+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes