L-leucine

Three steps

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Leucine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, GSTO1, GSTO2extracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, GOT2, GOT1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 11 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC43A1, AADAT, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-oxocarboxylateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid + O2 + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC43A1, SLC7A11, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7, BCHEextracellular space, cytosol

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SDS, SDSL, GPTextracellular space, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT7 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2, AUHmitochondrial matrix

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by ACOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (L-dopa)
  2. 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, DDC, SULT1A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CAD, G6PC2extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, CH25Hextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUGCTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2, PCBD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, RIDAextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, PKM, PKLRextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• spermineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SMSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, NPLextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Leucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes