pyruvate

Three steps

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:28862Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  3. dADP to dATP conversion

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, DTYMKcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, NAGSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, SLC1A1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  2. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2, DLAT and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, CARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, WARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, LACC1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MPST, SUMF1

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, NARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, SCLYmitochondrial matrix

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, BAATmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)
  3. glycolaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• maleateReach from here →
  1. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. maleate(in) + citrate(out) = maleate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by PC, CS, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• orotateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by ME2, SDHB, SDHA, DHODH

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC25A14, SLC25A30mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12, SLC22A13mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, SLC7A7mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CADmitochondrial matrix

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, CES2, CES1, CES5A and 2 more

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, BCHE

• all-trans-retinoateReach from here →
  1. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinal + NAD(+) + H2O = all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. N-acetylneuraminate synthase
  3. N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + phosphate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NANS, NANPcytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, ALAS1, ALAS2mitochondrial matrix