pyruvate

Three steps

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, SLC3A2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, EPXmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. alanine racemase
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• quinolinic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Transport of Quinolinic Acid

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, RSAD2mitochondrial matrix

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, DDCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, L2HGDHmitochondrial matrix

• enol-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate

  Catalysed by KYAT1, MIFcytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GSSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, DAOmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14, SLC26A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• 4-maleylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate

  Catalysed by FAH, GSTZ1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylumbelliferoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, OATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• propanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  2. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
  3. propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALDH6A1, NUDT19, NUDT7 and 1 more

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1, ACOD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  2. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)
  3. propanoyl-CoA + H2O = propanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALDH6A1, ACOT8, ACAA2 and 1 more

• anilineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAT2, NAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by HMGCL, HMGCLL1, SUGCTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 13 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, PRODH2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• an aldehydeReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. an aldehyde + O2 + H2O = a carboxylate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AOX1

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, IL4I1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MOCOS, DIO1mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrix

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12, XDHmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thymidineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase
  3. thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3, ENTPD1 and 11 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14, SLC6A12mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, HALmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  2. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, BCAT2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10, ABATmitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 14 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• triphosphateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase
  3. dTTP + H2O = thymidine + triphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3, ENTPD1 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SLC22A12mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes