AOX1

Primarily catalyzes oxidation reactions of a broad range of drug and xenobiotic substrates and participates in their metabolism through oxidative biotransformation. Oxidizes at least three structural types of substrates: aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin; aromatic azaheterocyclic compounds such as phthalazine, quinazoline and phenanthridine; and quaternary azaheterocyclic compounds such as 1-methylnicotinamide and nicotine imine. Converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids, aromatic and quaternary azaheterocyclic compounds to lactams, typically by using molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. Under some conditions, especially with electron-deficient substrates or limited oxygen, can also catalyze reduction reactions using N-methylnicotinamide, 2-hydroxypyrimidine or benzaldehyde as electron donor substrate (Probable). These reductive activities include N-O bond reductions in nitro groups (e.g., imidacloprid, IMI), hydroxamic acids, and oxazoles (e.g., zonisamide), as well as N-S bond reductions of sulfoxides (e.g., sulindac) (By similarity)..

Function from UniProtKB (Q06278), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.