4-aminobutanoate

Three steps

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC3A2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, GOT2, TATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A10extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC25A20extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC5A7, CHKA, CHKBextracellular space, cytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15, BTDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SHMT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, NAGSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A35, SLC25A34extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Mn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Mn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Zn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Zn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out) = Zn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, CARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC7A9, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC5A7, PHOSPHO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC1A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 23 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC6A14, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A12, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes