L-histidine

Three steps

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, AARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. Putrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ARG1, MPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of leucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, BCAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1, ABATmitochondrial matrix

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ASLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, PFASinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, BTDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A29, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, LPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-methylimidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase
  3. N-methylhistamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HDC, HNMT, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, GOT2, TAT, HPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of LTD4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A9, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Mn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Mn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• Zn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Zn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out) = Zn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, CARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, DARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, WARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, IARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, QARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A9, LACC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, NARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ACY1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  3. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, PAOX, SMOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes