taurine

Three steps

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O
  3. 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, PLA2G4AOne of 3 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• creatineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, GAMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CRAT, CROT, NUDT19peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, SUGCTperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, TSTD1peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC1A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, CLTRN, SLC6A20, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 3 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• diiodineReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• nitrateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 2 nitrite + AH2 + 2 H(+) = 2 nitric oxide + A + 2 H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate

  Catalysed by MTO1, SUOX, CYGB

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by MTO1, DIO1, DIO2, SULT1A3 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A12, BHMT, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, AARS1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, HALextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, SLC22A13peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTO1, GSTO2peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. Cholest-5-Ene-3Beta, 7Alpha-Diol:NAD+ 3-Oxidoreductase Bile Acid Biosynthesis

  Catalysed by MTO1, CH25H, HSD3B7endoplasmic reticulum

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, GOT2, TATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A10extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes