L-citrulline

Three steps

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, DHPS, AOC2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
  2. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)
  3. 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by OTC, G6PC2, ISYNA1mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GSS and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A2, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by ASS1, ASL, ADSLcytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPO, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A2, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, SHMT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HDC, HNMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, CLYBLextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CTH, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC25A29, DDAH1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GLYATL3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PAH, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, PNPOextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by BCAT2, SDR42E2, AKR1B15, AKR1B10 and 15 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, SLC7A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)
  3. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A8, DDCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, COX15extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PPCS, PPCDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A, CPT1Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, GGT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+) = ubiquinol-10 + thiosulfate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CTH, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-threonylcarbamoyladenylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. L-threonine + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC7A10, YRDCextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of citrulline and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes