an L-alpha-amino acid

Three steps

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 22 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AFMIDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. solute carrier (L-dopa)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC43A1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KMO, KYAT1, KYAT3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KMO, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 29 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 27 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC3A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, EPXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, MARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, CNDP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 27 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, DAOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, peroxisome

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 26 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 21 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline
  2. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by PEPD, PRODH, PRODH2

• an aldehydeReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. an aldehyde + O2 + H2O = a carboxylate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, AOX1

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, AARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC43A1, BCAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 29 routes

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, GOT2, TATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 35 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, DDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, GCLCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYAT and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline
  2. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline
  3. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by PEPD, PRODH, PRODH2