L-threonine

Three steps

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, CHAC2, CHAC1

• histamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AGXT2One of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, SLC7A13, PAICSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AGXT2One of 2 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATICcytosol

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, CLYBL

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 2 morecytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, MSRAextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GATM, AGXT2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5peroxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SQORcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AGXT2, DDAH1

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAMOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, PAH

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PNPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SHMT1, DERA

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)
  3. sulfotransferase (glycolithocholate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SULT2A1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, HOGA1One of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GGT1, GGT5cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SQOR

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, ACAD10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, KYAT3One of 2 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes