glycine

Three steps

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by DAO, CLYBL, SDHB, SDHAperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• diiodineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A4, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nitrateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1, NOS2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, MOCOS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and triiodothyronine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• N-acetylserotoninReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AANATcytosol, extracellular space

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLC22A13, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1, DHRS1cytosol, extracellular space

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC6A6, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by DAO, CLYBL, FHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, GOT2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by DAO, AGXT, AGXT2, PKM and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDC, AOC1, MAOA and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, CHKA, CHKBperoxisome, nucleus, cytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by GSS, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• thioredoxin disulfideReach from here →
  1. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation
  3. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GARS1, TXN, RRM1, RRM2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, MTHFD1, ATICcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, SCLY and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by GSS, TSTD1, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(out) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(in)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATIC, SLC19A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (R)-normetanephrineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, COMT and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, SDS and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC22A24peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDC, INMTextracellular space, cytosol

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes