dTDP

Three steps

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, ME2, CLYBLcytosolOne of 8 routes

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. D-Glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HK3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, HMGCL, HMGCLL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A6cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-methyl-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by DTYMK, SLC25A19, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, GGT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space

• 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase
  2. thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase
  3. thymidine + phosphate = 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + thymine

  Catalysed by ENTPD3, ENTPD1, ENTPD8, ACP3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, ME2, SUCLG1 and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 10 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ALDH6A1cytosol

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HK3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HKDC1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HKDC1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NPL, CMAScytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HK3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT, HYIcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. dADP to dATP conversion
  3. dGMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyguanosine + IMP

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin phosphorylation

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 morecytosol

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 morecytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by ENTPD3, ENTPD1, ENTPD8, PKM and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC1A4cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by DTYMK, HK1, HK2, HK3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, MPST, AADATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphateReach from here →
  1. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase
  2. dTTP + H2O = thymidine + triphosphate + H(+)
  3. 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ENTPD3, ENTPD1, ENTPD8, SAMHD1 and 1 moreextracellular space

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ABATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, PC, PCK1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space