CHEBI:17927

Three steps

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT1cytosol

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHATcytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 21 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by ACLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GNMTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by CHAT, CHDHcytosol, nucleusOne of 3 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, THextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1, AWAT2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• hexadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. formate dehydrogenase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol, peroxisome

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• nitriteReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. 4 nitric oxide + O2 + 2 H2O = 4 nitrite + 4 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 9 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC3A2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)
  2. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by PAOX, SMOX, ODC1, ACY1cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, MARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, ARG1, CA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• adenineReach from here →
  1. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SRM, SMS and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by NAGS, AADATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 29 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2cytosol, Golgi apparatus

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, DAOcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• creatineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, GATM, GAMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A6extracellular space, cytosol

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes