CHEBI:17380

Three steps

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, SCLYcytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, AGXTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC43A1, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, CADcytosol

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, IL4I1cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)
  3. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2, DDCextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, AGXT2cytosol

• a 2-oxocarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid + O2 + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A11, IL4I1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1 and 1 morecytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYNUcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADATcytosolOne of 12 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GCATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, LDHDcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, CH25Hcytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2, PCBD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, RIDAcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, PKM, PKLRcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, NPLcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, GLDC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, RETSATcytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosol

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, FAHD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACP2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes