CHEBI:15971

Three steps

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, GSTP1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BAAT, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SDS, SDSL, CTHextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, CTHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 1-methylimidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase
  3. N-methylhistamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HDC, HNMT, AOC2, AOC1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, TAT, HPDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1, LDHB and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine:beta-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CARNS1, NAA10, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, CTHextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Mn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Mn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Zn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Formation of homocarnosine
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. Zn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out) = Zn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC30A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BCAT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, DARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, TPO, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CTH, SUMF1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC5A7, PHOSPHO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DAO, GRHPRextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A1, SLC1A7, SLC1A3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACY1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  3. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, PAOX and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, HAO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, FAAH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CP, PRDX6extracellular space, cytosol

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BAAT, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 6 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes