(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinal + NAD(+) + H2O = all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, GPTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• (R)-mevalonateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. (R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP(+) + CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, CLYBLmitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)
  3. retinol dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, GGT1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrixOne of 17 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SUCLG1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrix

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. scavenger receptor class F (prostaglandin A2)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SCARF2, HPGDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 11 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin J2, Lactate Antiport
  2. prostaglandin J2 hydrolysis
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  No catalyst recordedextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 5-hydrolase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• XMPReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. XMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, XDH, HPRT1extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = methylglyoxal + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GLO1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, NAPRTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ESDextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, NPL, CMASmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol