(R)-lactic acid

Three steps

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHD, ME2, FHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by LDHD, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, FAHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 17 routes

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, SLC7A8mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, SRR, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, NANSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by LDHD, ME2, SDHB, SDHAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHD, MPST, LDHB, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by LDHD, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, MPSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by LDHD, PC, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHD, PC, GOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• nonanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. 13(S)-HPODE hydrolysis

  Catalysed by LDHDmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHD, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, IL4I1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, GPTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, ME2, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by LDHD, HMGCL, HMGCLL1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by LDHD, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by LDHD, ME2, SUCLG1, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes