L-aspartate

Two steps

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by GAD2, AGXT2cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC26A1, SLC25A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC1A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, TATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by GOT2, PCK1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASNS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 24 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ASNScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 57 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by NAT8Lmitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACAA1, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, CROTmitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by NAT8Lmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GAD2, CARNS1cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GAD2, GATMcytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT8L, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC25A12, SLC25A13, GADL1, CSADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SGSHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. L-tyrosine + O2 = L-dopaquinone + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, TYRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC1A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, SLC43A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• IMPReach from here →
  1. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)
  2. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by NAT8L, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane