CHEBI:16856

Three steps

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by LTC4S, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by LTC4S, GATMcytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 33 moreextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 31 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by CDO1, GADL1, CSADcytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STS, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LTC4S, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2
  3. 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 L-dopaquinone + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DDC, TYRextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, CADcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. steroid sulfatase (sulfoglycolithocholate)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, STS, PAPSS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHE and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by LTC4S, AADATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by LTC4S, AGXT2cytosolOne of 6 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 33 moreextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 8 morecytosol

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. Formation of Homocystine
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by MTR, ATICcytosol

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular space

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHE and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 32 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  No catalyst recordedextracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by CTH, CLYBLcytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 31 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, PPATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BCHE, ACHE and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRAcytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1, MSRB2cytosol, extracellular space

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CTH, AGXT2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  2. cytochrome P450 (cholate)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP7A1, SLC27A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
  3. monoamine oxidase (adrenaline)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMT, MAOA and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes