Compound

2-hydroxybutyric acid

A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.

Definition from ChEBI (CHEBI:1148), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.

CHEBI:1148ChEBI

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What it touches on the way

Mechanistic reach

8 entities

8 entities reached.

0 reported hops8 assembled from the scaffold

What the reference databases state

Chemical structure

2-hydroxybutyric acid has the functional parent butyric acidCompoundChEBI CHEBI:1148Inferred only

Statements

59 statements

59 statements · 2 reference databases · Subject: 2-hydroxybutyric acid · Sources: Human-GEM, Rhea

Order

2-oxobutanoate is converted to 2-hydroxybutyric acidCompoundHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-oxobutanoate is converted to 2-hydroxybutyric acidCompoundRhea RHEA:52608Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is converted to 2-oxobutanoateCompoundRhea RHEA:52608Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is converted to 2-oxobutanoateCompoundHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of LDHAL6AProteinHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of LDHAL6BProteinHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of LDHBProteinHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is a substrate of LDHCProteinHuman-GEM MAR05351Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06010Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06008Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08075Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06013Inferred only

Show the remaining 47

2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06009Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06030Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A1ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06006Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08075Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A3ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06030Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06006Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06008Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06009Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06010Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06012Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06013Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06030Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A4ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06008Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06012Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06030Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06006Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06013Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06010Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06009Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A5ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A6ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A6ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06010Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR08075Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06012Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06030Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06006Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06054Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06008Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A7ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06009Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06007Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06013Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06011Inferred only
2-hydroxybutyric acid is transported by SLC16A8ProteinHuman-GEM MAR06012Inferred only

Reactions

14 reactions

2-hydroxybutyric acid+NAD(+)2-oxobutanoate+proton+NADH(2-)
Catalysed by LDHB or LDHC or LDHAL6A or LDHAL6B
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.1.1.27cytosol
Human-GEM MAR05351CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+acetoacetate2-hydroxybutyric acid+acetoacetate
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06006CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+pyruvate2-hydroxybutyric acid+pyruvate
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06007CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+acetate2-hydroxybutyric acid+acetate
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06008CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+formic acid2-hydroxybutyric acid+formic acid
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06009CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+propionic acid2-hydroxybutyric acid+propionic acid
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06010CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+(S)-lactic acid2-hydroxybutyric acid+(S)-lactic acid
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A6 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06011CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+butyric acid2-hydroxybutyric acid+butyric acid
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06012CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+all-trans-retinoic acid2-hydroxybutyric acid+all-trans-retinoic acid
Transported by SLC16A8 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06013CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+2-oxoglutarate(2-)2-hydroxybutyric acid+2-oxoglutarate(2-)
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06030CC BY 4.0Reference data
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+2-hydroxybutyric acid(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid+2-hydroxybutyric acid
Transported by SLC16A6 or SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1 or SLC16A4 or SLC16A5
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedcytosol, extracellular space
Human-GEM MAR06054CC BY 4.0Reference data
2-hydroxybutyric acid+proton2-hydroxybutyric acid+proton
Transported by SLC16A7 or SLC16A3 or SLC16A1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedextracellular space, cytosol
Human-GEM MAR08075CC BY 4.0Reference data

Show the remaining 2

Where it reaches

9 systems, 17 regions, 34 tissues, 34 transporter routes — routes, not measurements: transporters known to carry 2-hydroxybutyric acid are expressed there, and no source reports it arriving.

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Nervous

Endocrine

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Digestive

Reproductive

Blood and immune

Musculoskeletal

Skin and adipose

Other names

5 names

Resolves to: 2-hydroxybutyric acid

Also called: 2-Hydroxybutanoic acidalpha-hydroxybutanoic acidalpha-hydroxybutyric acidα-hydroxybutanoic acidα-hydroxybutyric acid