Loading the page.
Proteins/UNIPROT:Q16881
Reduces disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form. Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. A selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)..
[Isoform 1]: Induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions..
[Isoform 4]: Enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2..
[Isoform 5]: Enhances the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor ESR2 only. Mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid..
Function from UniProtKB (Q16881), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.
Curated compounds routed: 2 · substrate of
2 compounds
2 compounds.
0 reported routes2 assembled routes
709 statements
709 statements · 5 reference databases · Subject: TXNRD1 · Sources: Hetionet, Human-GEM, Reactome, UniProt, WikiPathways · Rows fetched: 300
6 reactions
proton+NADPH(4-)+thioredoxin disulfideNADP(3-)+thioredoxin dithiol
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.8.1.9cytosol
Human-GEM MAR03931CC BY 4.0Reference data
L-cystine+proton+NADPH(4-)2L-cysteine+NADP(3-)
Catalysed by
9 names
Resolves to: TXNRD1
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.8.1.9cytosol
Human-GEM MAR03995CC BY 4.0Reference data
proton+thioredoxin disulfide+NADPH(4-)thioredoxin dithiol+NADP(3-)
Catalysed by TXNRD2 or TXNRD3 or TXNRD1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalancedEC 1.8.1.9mitochondrial matrix
Human-GEM MAR05417CC BY 4.0Reference data
4proton+3NADPH(4-)+selenite3water+3NADP(3-)+selane
Catalysed by TXNRD2 or TXNRD3 or TXNRD1
Reaction pageReversibleBalancedEC 1.8.1.9cytosol
Human-GEM MAR07131CC BY 4.0Reference data
hydrogen peroxide+NADPH(4-)+hydronNADP(3-)+2water
Catalysed by TXNRD1
Reaction pageLeft to rightBalanced
Rhea RHEA:15173CC BY 4.0Reference data
[thioredoxin]-dithiol+NADP(3-)[thioredoxin]-disulfide+NADPH(4-)+hydron
Catalysed by SELENOT or TXNRD1 or TXNRD3 or TXNRD2
Reaction pageRight to leftBalance undeterminable
Rhea RHEA:20345CC BY 4.0Reference data