hexadecanoic acid

Three steps

• (2E,4Z,7Z)-decatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C10:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ECHS1, ACAA2, HADH, ACADMcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, LPOendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Beta Oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acid
  3. Octanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by FAAHcytosol, extracellular space

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• decanoateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. Decanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• dodecanalReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 2 H+[r] + lauric acid[r] + NADH[r] = H2O[r] + NAD+[r] + dodecanal[r]

  Catalysed by ALDH3A2cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• hexacosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = hexacosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 4 morecytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a fatty acidReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC1A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, NARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by CHAT, PHOSPHO1cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. choloyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT8cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by PAOX, SMOXcytosolOne of 4 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A4endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Active Transport
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACOT7endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by ACLY, CScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. transport of butyryl-CoA and L-carnitine (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ESCO2, OXSM, ACOT12endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC6A14endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by ACOT8cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + H2O = glutarate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOT8 and 1 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACLY, GOT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. fatty-acyl-CoA synthase (N-C18:0CoA)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SRMcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by NAGS, IL4I1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by NAGS, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, BCHEcytosol, nucleus

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, ALAS1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 12-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CYP4A11, CYP4A22cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT7 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. Fas180
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes