CHEBI:15699

Three steps

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by ACLY, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, FAAH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by ACOT8mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, CP, PRDX6extracellular space, cytosol

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAAT, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ACLY, GOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, MPST and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Synthesis of 4Fe4S from 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, BCHEmitochondrial matrix, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of homoserine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, GPTextracellular space, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT7 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of homoserine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2, AUHmitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of homoserine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, ALOX12B, ALOXE3extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by ACOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
  3. glucose-6-phosphatase (carbamoyl-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CAD, G6PC2extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHDextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, CH25Hextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Homoserine
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SUGCTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of homoserine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2, PCBD1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, RIDAextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix