phosphoenolpyruvate

Three steps

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, CPT1A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SUCLG1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, CROTmitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ALDH6A1

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, ASS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, ADSS2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
  2. D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase
  3. ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ENO4, ENO1, ENO2, ENO3 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, ASAH1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NPL, CMAScytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SAT1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, GAD2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT, HYIcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, ASNSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, AGAmitochondrial matrix

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 14 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 more

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 more

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, ASAH1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, GOT2, PAICSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, MPST, AADATOne of 2 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, HADHA and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrix

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 more

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. pyruvate + ATP = phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H(+)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, TYW1B, TYW1 and 3 more

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by PCK1, PCK2, CS, SLC27A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes