S-formylglutathione

Three steps

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, AACScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 17 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular space

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A5cytosol, extracellular space

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HPGDcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, CBR3, CBR1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular space

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX15B, ALOX15, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular space

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ESD, ALOX5cytosol, extracellular space

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosol

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ALDH1L1 and 1 moreOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 5-hydrolase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa + H(+) = dopamine + CO2

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, AFMID

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A6, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 36 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine

  Catalysed by ESD, CBScytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, GCLC, GCLMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + sarcosine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR, PRODH2

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ATIC

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ESD, CARS2cytosol

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HNMTcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate

  Catalysed by ESD, ADI1, ENOPH1

• hyodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP3A4cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glycine

  Catalysed by ESD, FAAH, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by ESD, PPCScytosolOne of 4 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DBHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes