L-histidine

Three steps

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, AASSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene C4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, GCLC, GCLMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A9, OTCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, SAT1, SAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanalReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, AOC1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-glutamyl 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate
  3. L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP(+) = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, OAT, ALDH18A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(1)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, PAOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, PAICSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, GOT2, TAT, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 14 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, PPATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, GFPT2, GFPT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, MSRAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A29, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, PPCSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, PAH, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, CDO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGTLC3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.5

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes