taurine

Three steps

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SCLYperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGSperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A35, SLC25A34extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, SLC1A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC24A1 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, CARS1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (Apc) Tcdb:2.A.3.8.15
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC7A9, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, MPO, LPOextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, NARS1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, PHOSPHO1peroxisome, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5BperoxisomeOne of 12 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. choloyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, CTHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by BAAT, AGXT2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 28 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, PAOX, SMOXperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, CSperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACOT8peroxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, CP, PRDX6peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, GOT2peroxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3S)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• docosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = docosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• hexacosanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. Hexacosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. Tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes