(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3, GSTM4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT, HYImitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by CYB5D1, GPX1, GSTA1, GPX2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 36 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CHAC2, CHAC1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• histamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, MPST, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PC, PCK1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• an S-substituted L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ETHE1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SLC22A24, SLC22A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, GGTLC3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. phosphoglucomutase (N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, MOCOSmitochondrial matrix