formic acid

Three steps

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC7A9, SLC25A29 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, HDAC10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, PON1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC6A4extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, BCAT2, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC5A7, BCHEextracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-retinoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinal + NAD(+) + H2O = all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, ALAS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• (R)-mevalonateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. (R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP(+) + CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL, HMGCLL1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GCATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)
  3. retinol dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 62 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLDC and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, DIO1, DIO3, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL, HMGCLL1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, AACS, HADH and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ACSS3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ACSS3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL, HMGCLL1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 15-Keto-Prostaglandin F2A, Lactate Antiport
  3. Formation of Prostaglandin I2

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, PIPOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2, DHFR and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SHMT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol