L-arginine

Three steps

• (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
  3. L-saccharopine + NAD(+) + H2O = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ASAH1 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• 3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, DHPS and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, CHAC2, CHAC1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by ASL, ADSLcytosolOne of 4 routes

• anserineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. carnosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = anserine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, CARNS1, CARNMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, KYAT3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 20 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SHMT1, ATICextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(methylsulfanyl)-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRM, MTAPextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HADHA and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermineReach from here →
  1. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  2. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2
  3. N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + N(1)-acetylspermidine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, PAOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(tau)-methylhistamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HDC, HNMTextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2, CLYBLextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, PAMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, PAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SCLY, PNPOextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate reduction

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, BCAT2 and 18 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, KYNU, SLC7A11extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)
  3. sulfotransferase (glycolithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, BAAT, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACSM4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, COX15extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, PPCS, PPCDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, HOGA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline
  3. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC1A4, PYCR1, PYCR3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC26A6, SLC4A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, DERAextracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GGT1, GGT5extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GSS, SQORextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, MOCOS, ACAD10extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AADAT, KYAT3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-adrenalineReach from here →
  1. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine
  3. (R)-adrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + methylamine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC25A29, DDAH1, MAOA, MAOBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, CPT1A and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC27A2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes