pyruvate

Three steps

• (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 5-hydrolase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, CYB5D1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, ASLmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10, CARNS1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, GATMmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by ME2, CLYBL, AADAT

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dCMPReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  3. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NME4, NME6 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ADSS2, ADSS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, GATMmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, SLC25A2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GLYATL3, GLYAT and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• dGMPReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  3. dADP to dATP conversion

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NME4, NME6 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GATMmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, SGSHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, STSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, TYRmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, GSSmitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, AASSmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, DDAH1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, GATMmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, OATmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGAmitochondrial matrix

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAGSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by ME2, SLC25A10, PAPSS1, PAPSS2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine

  Catalysed by TYW1B, TYW1, BHMT2, BHMT

• (2R)-3-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
  3. ATP:(R)-glycerate 3-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT, GRHPR, GLYCTKcytosolOne of 5 routes

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXT, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• histamineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, HDCmitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAICSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYNU, AADATmitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A6, IL4I1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. ATP:N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by NPL, GNEcytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A5, CARS2mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• dCDPReach from here →
  1. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  2. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  3. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, DTYMK, CMPK1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes