L-asparagine

Two steps

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, ASS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, ADSS2, ADSS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, GAD2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  No catalyst recordedextracellular space, cytosol

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATextracellular space, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, AGAmitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. L-asparagine amidohydrolase
  2. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASRGL1, ASPG, PAICSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2extracellular space, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRAextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1, MSRB2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of asparagine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPCSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes