D-threonine

Three steps

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, MPSTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SAT1, SAT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TYRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, AASSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, OATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A9, SLC3A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, HDCinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, PAICSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, CLYBLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• L-2-aminoadipateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, PPATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, GFPT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, MSRAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC27A2, SLC27A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + methylamine

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2, DDAH1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, PPCSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• pyridoxal 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PNPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• an L-alpha-amino acidReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNU, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC6A14, SLC6A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, TPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5, CDO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes