glyoxylate

Three steps

• prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin A2 + glutathione = prostaglandin A2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GSTP1, GSTM1

• prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GSTA1, GSTP1 and 1 more

• prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = prostaglandin J2-S-(S)-glutathione

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GSTP1, GSTM1

• 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PM20D1extracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GSTM4, LTC4S

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 29 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 8 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, MMACHC

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GATM, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. acireductone dioxygenase

  Catalysed by AADAT, ADI1cytosol

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, DPEP1

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, MMACHC

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GART

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, PFASextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, CMA1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, AACSperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• acetoneReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Acetoacetate carboxy-lyase (acetone-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CHATperoxisome, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ALAS1, CPNE7peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, GLYATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-threo-isocitrateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
  3. citrate = D-threo-isocitrate

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A1, ACO1, ACO2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, SHMT2One of 2 routes

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SHMT1, HNMTcytosol

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes