formic acid

Three steps

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2, FTCDcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  3. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GLYATL3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A12, ABATextracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1extracellular space, cytosol

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, AMDHD2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate
  3. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, HDAC10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, SGSHextracellular space, cytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, TYRextracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, GADL1, CSADextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, ASAH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Glutamine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, PAPSS1, PAPSS2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N,N-dimethylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A12, BHMTextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cadaverineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, HDAC10extracellular space, cytosol

• histamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, HDCextracellular space, cytosol

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, DIO1, DIO2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2, ATICcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix