CHEBI:17927

Three steps

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GLDC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosol

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)
  3. (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ALDH6A1, MMUTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-(2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)
  3. 3-Methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, MCCC1, MCCC2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

• (2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACOX1cytosol

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1, ACADS and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
  3. (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H(+) = hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, TECRcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H(+) = propanoyl-CoA + CO2

  Catalysed by ECHDC1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, PIPOXcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1cytosol

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SHMT1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosol

• a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• O-acetyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)
  2. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by PAOX, SMOX, ODC1, SLC25A2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, GOT2, GOT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, TYRextracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A5, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + an acyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC25A2, DDAH1extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)
  2. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by PAOX, SMOX, ODC1, OATcytosol

• L-cysteateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. L-cysteate + H(+) = taurine + CO2

  Catalysed by BAAT, GADL1, CSADcytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, GCLC, GCLMcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-homocysteine + L-serine = L,L-cystathionine + H2O

  Catalysed by NAGS, CBScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, BHMT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosol

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol, peroxisome