formaldehyde

Three steps

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 12 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by TYMS, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, FTCDcytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, MPST

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GATMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by MTHFR, MTRcytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, AFMID

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. leukotriene C4 synthase (GSH)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 12 morecytosolOne of 35 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, AADAT

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, AGXT2

• 5-oxo-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• histamineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ATIC

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATICcytosol

• 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 5-methylsulfanyl-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, ADI1, ENOPH1

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by PIPOXmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 9 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, AGXT2

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 6 morecytosol

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL2

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, BAAT

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, BAAT

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, BAAT

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 9 morecytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes