oxaloacetate

Three steps

• an N-acylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphingosine N-acyltransferase (sphinganine)

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• octadecan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = octadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• eicosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. Eicosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)
  3. (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC7A13, SLC7A7mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, SAT1, SAT2, SRMmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC7A13, IL4I1mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by CS, NAGS, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moremitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GOT2, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, CHAT, BCHEmitochondrial matrix, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-acetylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  2. N-acetylneuraminate synthase
  3. N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + phosphate

  Catalysed by PCK1, NANS, NANPcytosol

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC7A13, TATmitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• taurodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, SLC27A5, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by CS, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
  3. Formation of 3-Hydroxy-Isovalerate

  Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by CS, ACOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by PCK1, PKM, PKLR, HK1 and 3 morecytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by CS, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• spermineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, SAT1, SAT2, SMSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. transport of asparagine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, ASNS, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 34 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GOT2, AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by SDHB, SDHA, NQO2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by CS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus