taurine

Three steps

• (11Z)-eicosenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)
  3. (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, IL4I1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGS, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, BCAT2, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC7A10peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC7A10peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, BCHEperoxisome, nucleus

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, BCAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 2 moreperoxisomeOne of 5 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of L-Tyrosine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A14, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5BperoxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholesteryl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
  3. Formation of 3-Hydroxy-Isovalerate

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACOT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
  3. cytochrome P450 (25-hydroxycholesterol)

  Catalysed by MTO1, CH25H, CYP7B1endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACLY, PCK1peroxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• spermineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2, SMSperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tert-butanolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. tert-butyl hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = tert-butanol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, CLIC2, GPX1 and 3 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)
  3. (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ALDH6A1, MMUTperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-(2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)
  3. 3-Methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, MCCC1, MCCC2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol