5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

Three steps

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-arginine(in)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC25A2, SLC3A2, SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CAD

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, TYW1B, TYW1, IL4I1cytosol

• dodecanamideReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALAS1, ALAS2

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAAT

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, ALOX12B, ALOXE3cytosol

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanamideReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PAM

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GCATmitochondrial matrix

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HMGCL, HMGCLL1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, ADI1

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GLDC, GCSHmitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AACSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ME2, SUCLG1, SUCLA2

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, ACAA1, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  2. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ACADS, ACADSBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, CROTmitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ALDH6A1One of 2 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes