L-isoleucine

Two steps

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CADextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. transport of histidine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2, IDO2extracellular space, cytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1extracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRAextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1, MSRB2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AGXT2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, SLC27A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPCSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of isoleucine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CDO1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylation of Isoleucine
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes