thioredoxin dithiol

Three steps

• anilineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAT2, NAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, RETSATcytosol

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SLC25A10, SDHB, SDHAcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SRMcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• diiodineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TPOcytosolOne of 2 routes

• nitrateReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate

  Catalysed by NOS3, NOS1, NOS2, CYGBcytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SUOX, STScytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by GNMT, PDPR, DMGDHcytosol

• thymidineReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)
  3. dTTP + H2O = thymidine + triphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 8 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. Putrescine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, SLC22A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GSTO1, GSTO2cytosol

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ABATcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, MPST, TSTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SLC25A10, FAHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by DDC, AOC1, MAOA, MAOBcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by GARTcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, AS3MTcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SCLY, PNPOcytosolOne of 3 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GCLCcytosol

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDC, INMTcytosol

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, MGST3cytosol

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC1A4, PEPDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, MTHFD1, MTHFD1Lcytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX4cytosol

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, BTDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT2A1cytosol

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 10 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes