thioredoxin dithiol

Two steps

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GOT2, TATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• triphosphateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dCTP + H2O = 2'-deoxycytidine + triphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 morecytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 7 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GARTcytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by DDCcytosol

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, MPST, TSTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PFAScytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSScytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-leucine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-leucine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CARS2cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dUMPReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. thymidine kinase (deoxyuridine)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. LTD4 hydrolysis

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 1 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CARS1cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by FARSB, FARSAcytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GARS1cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DARS1cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by WARS1cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by IARS1cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by QARS1cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 31 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. transport of malonate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular space

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CADcytosol

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, MPST, TSTcytosolOne of 7 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by IL4I1cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN, FDX2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by ALAS1, ALAS2cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BCAT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GOT2, GOT1, TATcytosolOne of 3 routes