CHEBI:1146900

Three steps

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTH, SELENBP1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GSS and 23 moremitochondrial matrix

• cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  2. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
  3. cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate) + H2O = cholesterol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT2 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 11 routes

• octan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. octyl beta-D-glucose + chenodeoxycholate = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholate + octan-1-ol

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT7 and 3 moreperoxisome

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• ureaReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. taurocyamine + H2O = urea + taurine

  Catalysed by BAAT, GATM, AGMATcytosolOne of 4 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16284Reach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ACLY, PCK1, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, MTRRcytosol

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  2. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 31 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. solute carrier (L-carnitine)
  3. O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC25A20cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 13 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 25 routes

• cis-aconitateReach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. cis-aconitate(in) + citrate(out) = cis-aconitate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by ACLY, CS, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16436Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. ATP:choline phosphotransferase
  3. CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, CHKA, CHKB, PCYT1A and 1 morenucleus, cytosol

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2 nitrite + AH2 + 2 H(+) = 2 nitric oxide + A + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, SUOXcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16497Reach from here →
  1. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  2. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP
  3. dGTP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by ACLY, PCK1, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• selaneReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, GATM, ACY1cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16566Reach from here →
  1. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. Sphinganine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• anthranilateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNUmitochondrial matrix

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC3A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:16668Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by NAGS, CDO1, GAD1, CSADmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, RSAD2cytosol

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  2. 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:taurine N-choloyltransferase
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAAT and 1 moreperoxisome

• adenineReach from here →
  1. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, SRM, SMS and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• pyridoxineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine-5'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SCLY, PHOSPHO2, PDXPmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-pantetheineReach from here →
  1. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  2. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase
  3. pantetheine-4'-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1, PANK4lysosome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 8-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  2. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 8-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol

• 10-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  2. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol

• 9-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  2. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. dodecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 9-hydroxydodecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol

• 9-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  2. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 9-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 morecytosol

• 10-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  2. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 morecytosol

• 12-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  2. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 12-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 morecytosol

• 11-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  2. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. tetradecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11-hydroxytetradecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 10 morecytosol

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  2. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by BAAT, MTO1, L2HGDHcytosol

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GNMT and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-1,2-dithiane-4,5-diolReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. selenocysteine lyase (dithiothreitol)

  Catalysed by SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• creatineReach from here →
  1. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GATM and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  2. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 31 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC6A14 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• octadecanalReach from here →
  1. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  2. Stearoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. octadecanal + NAD(+) + H2O = octadecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 9 morecytosol