L-kynurenine

Two steps

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 29 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 27 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosolOne of 7 routes

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLYcytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, MARS1cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by AADAT, DDCcytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSScytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 27 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, DAOperoxisome

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 26 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 21 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOScytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, IL4I1One of 2 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AARS1cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AADAT, TPH1, TPH2

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC43A1, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 29 routes

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, GOT2, TATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 14 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 35 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GCLC

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, PEPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  2. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AADAT, CARS2

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, TPH1, TPH2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADATcytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLYcytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  2. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CARS1cytosol